Calamus Essential oil, extracted from the dried and crushed rhizomes and roots of Acorus calamus L., is an aromatic essential oil highly valued in traditional medicine. Native to the Himalayas, this herb thrives in moist habitats like the banks of ponds, streams, and swamps throughout Nepal. Known for its distinct sweet-spicy fragrance, calamus oil is a wild-crafted essential oil, obtained via steam distillation from the dried rhizomes.
The oil possesses antispasmodic and carminative properties, which make it beneficial for treating a range of stomach ailments. It has been used for centuries to relieve conditions like indigestion, bloating, and flatulence by relaxing the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, calamus oil is valued for its calming effect on the mind and nervous system, offering relief from stress, anxiety, and mental fatigue. Traditional healers have also employed the oil to treat neurological conditions such as epilepsy and memory loss, as it is believed to improve cognitive function and mental clarity.
Although calamus oil offers a wealth of therapeutic benefits, it should be used with caution due to the presence of certain chemical compounds that may have toxic effects at high doses. Some regulatory agencies have restricted its use in food products because of these concerns. Despite this, its traditional use in herbal remedies continues, primarily in aromatherapy, massage oils, and herbal formulations.
Major Components of Calamus Oil
The chemical composition of calamus oil varies depending on the geographical origin of the plant and the method of extraction. However, the major components typically include:
Asarone (β-asarone and α-asarone): These phenylpropanoids are the most abundant components of calamus oil. β-asarone is known for its antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticonvulsant properties, but it is also associated with potential toxicity, especially in high concentrations. α-asarone has been studied for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
Eugenol: This compound is known for its analgesic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to the oil’s effectiveness in treating pain and infections. It also provides a spicy fragrance characteristic of clove oil.
Shyobunone: A sesquiterpene that contributes to the calming and sedative effects of calamus oil. It has been studied for its role in relaxing the central nervous system, promoting mental clarity and relieving stress.
Camphor: Camphor adds to the oil’s distinctive aroma and imparts antispasmodic and analgesic properties, enhancing its use in treating muscular and gastrointestinal spasms.
α-Pinene and β-Pinene: These monoterpenes contribute to the oil’s anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects. They also provide a fresh, pine-like fragrance.
Limonene: Known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, limonene adds to the oil’s benefits for skin conditions and digestive health.
